cardiac index

Beyond Congestion: The Wet-Cold Phenotype Drives Mortality in Obese HFpEF

A hemodynamic study of 227 HFpEF patients reveals that 34% exhibit a low-output phenotype. This cold status, especially when combined with congestion, significantly increases mortality risk in overweight and obese individuals, highlighting

A 250‑ml Ultrafiltration Challenge Identifies Patients at Risk of Becoming Preload‑Dependent During CRRT