Highlights
This large-scale integrative study fundamentally advances our understanding of the gut-liver axis by mapping stage-specific microbiome signatures across the entire spectrum of liver disease progression. Key findings include the identification of Veillonella species expansion as a mortality predictor, the discovery of a functional metabolic continuum from hepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma, and the validation of microbiome-based markers for non-invasive disease staging. The study’s rigorous multicohort design and machine learning approach provide robust evidence for translating microbiome diagnostics into clinical practice.
