Unveiling Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Clinical Challenges
congenital heart diseaseHFpEFcardiovascular hospitalizationSGLT2 inhibitorsAdult congenital heart disease
Highlight
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is highly prevalent in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD), affecting 13% of patients regardless of ACHD severity. Patients with HFpEF are older, with more comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, and atrial fibrillation, and experience significantly higher cardiovascular hospitalization rates. Despite these risks, diagnosis rates are low, and use of guideline-recommended therapies like sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors remains limited.
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This article was created using several editorial tools, including AI, as part of the process. Human editors reviewed this content before publication.