• A pooled analysis of 17 studies (2019–2024) found that individuals with type 2 diabetes have 4.19 times the odds of hearing loss compared with controls (95% CI 1.22–14.37).
• Diabetic participants had higher mean pure-tone thresholds overall (mean difference 3.19 dB), with a larger effect at high frequencies (2.3 dB) than low frequencies (1.11 dB).
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