Large cohort studies using electronic health records found no significant association of metformin with reduced development or progression of AMD overall.
Prolonged metformin use (≥5 years) in diabetic populations shows a potential protective effect against incident AMD in some observational studies.
Meta-analyses report a modest reduction in AMD prevalence among metformin users, but high heterogeneity and confounding limit definitive conclusions.
Randomized clinical trial data on metformin for geographic atrophy progression remain inconclusive, underscoring the need for further prospective research.
Background
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