Long-Term Road Traffic Noise Exposure and Its Association with Parkinson Disease Risk: Insights from a Danish Nationwide Cohort Study

Highlight

• Long-term residential exposure to road traffic noise is associated with a modest but statistically significant increase in Parkinson disease (PD) risk.
• Having a quiet side of the residence (a noise difference of ≥10 dB between the most and least exposed facades) mitigates the risk associated with traffic noise.
• The association remains robust after adjusting for air pollution, green space, sociodemographic factors, smoking, and physical activity.
• Findings suggest noise pollution as a novel environmental risk factor for PD, emphasizing the importance of urban noise mitigation strategies.

Study Background