（from Hepatology)
Introduction and Context
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide and a complex, heterogeneous disease in which tumor behavior, underlying liver function, and comorbidities all influence outcomes. Existing staging and allocation systems—most notably the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) framework—have guided practice for years, but the therapeutic landscape for HCC has changed rapidly. New effective systemic regimens, greater availability and sophistication of locoregional therapies, and increased use of external beam radiation have challenged one-size-fits-all algorithms.
