Advances in Alzheimer’s Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Review of CSF and Blood Biomarkers

Highlight

• Three core cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers—T-tau, P-tau, and Aβ42—show strong diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer’s disease.
• Emerging markers such as CSF neurofilament light (NFL) and plasma T-tau also demonstrate significant association with Alzheimer’s disease.
• Several other CSF biomarkers moderately relate to Alzheimer’s pathology, while plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 lack significant diagnostic value.
• Recommendations support routine use of core CSF biomarkers in both clinical diagnosis and research settings.

Study Background