Introduction
Modern lifestyles marked by sedentary behavior, poor diet, and stress have contributed to a rising global burden of cardiovascular disease, neurological degeneration, and metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. These conditions not only diminish quality of life but are leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Exercise is a cornerstone of prevention and therapy for these diseases, but the optimal approach remains under ongoing study. High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has recently emerged as a time-efficient, potent exercise modality that delivers systemic health benefits across multiple organ systems. This article presents an in-depth review of the protective effects of HIIT on cardiovascular, neurological, and metabolic health, grounded in current scientific evidence and clinical insights.
