Introduction: Challenging the Surgical Orthodoxy
For decades, the management of displaced medial epicondyle fractures in the pediatric population has remained one of the most debated topics in orthopedic trauma. These injuries, which account for approximately 10% to 20% of all pediatric elbow fractures, occur primarily in children aged 7 to 15 years, often during sports or falls where an avulsion force is applied to the medial side of the elbow. Despite their frequency, clinical practice has been deeply divided. On one hand, a growing trend toward surgical fixation has emerged, driven by the intuitive belief that restoring anatomical alignment with screws or wires must yield better functional outcomes. On the other hand, many practitioners have advocated for non-surgical management, citing the elbow’s remarkable capacity for remodeling in children and the inherent risks of anesthesia and surgery.
Until recently, the evidence supporting one approach over the other was largely anecdotal or derived from retrospective cohorts. The SCIENCE study (Surgical fixation versus non-surgical care for children with a displaced medial epicondyle fracture of the elbow) represents a landmark effort to provide high-level, multicentre evidence to resolve this clinical controversy. By evaluating both functional outcomes and economic impacts, this trial offers a definitive perspective on how clinicians should approach these common injuries.