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Early exclusive enteral feeding in preterm infants is associated with faster feeding advancement and shorter hospital stay without increased risks of necrotizing enterocolitis or infection, suggesting it is a feasible and beneficial nutriti
A multicenter randomized trial of 1,082 extremely preterm infants found that automated FiO2 control did not significantly reduce death or major morbidities compared to manual titration, though it remains a safe labor-saving tool for neonata
A randomized trial involving 100 extremely preterm infants shows that cerebral oximetry-guided treatment using a standardized guideline and NIRS device significantly reduces the burden of cerebral hypoxia and hyperoxia during the first five
A multicentre prospective study reveals that infants developing moderate-to-severe BPD exhibit significant lung aeration and gas exchange deficits as early as day 10, with a critical pathophysiological peak at 26 days of life, regardless of
Recent trials and meta-analyses challenge assumptions about optimal initial oxygen levels for preterm resuscitation.
In a blinded multisite RCT of 201 moderate–late preterm infants, short-term supplementation with pasteurized donor human milk versus term formula did not shorten time to full enteral feeds; donor milk was associated with slower regain of bi
In extremely preterm infants with a protocol-defined PDA, expectant management yielded similar rates of death or BPD at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age but significantly higher survival compared with active pharmacologic closure.
Neonatal hydrocortisone treatment in preterm infants at high risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia does not improve school-age functional outcomes, highlighting the persistent burden of developmental impairment despite intervention.
A dynamic model predicts individualized risk of major bleeding or death with or without prophylactic platelet transfusion in preterm infants, allowing tailored clinical decisions based on evolving patient status.
The BiB trial showed that adding budesonide to surfactant did not reduce bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death in extremely preterm infants but was associated with increased hyperglycemia risk.
An open-label RCT demonstrates that nasal mask CPAP at birth increases CPAP success rates and reduces the need for positive pressure ventilation compared to face mask CPAP in very preterm infants, with comparable safety profiles.
This review examines randomized clinical evidence that 100% oxygen during deferred cord clamping improves early oxygen saturation in extremely preterm infants without increasing morbidity, highlighting implications for neonatal resuscitatio
Weekly darbepoetin in extremely preterm infants increases red cell mass and reduces transfusion needs, but does not improve cognitive outcomes at 22-26 months’ corrected age.
A multisite RCT found no difference in time to full enteral feeds between donor human milk and formula in moderate to late preterm infants, but formula was associated with faster weight regain.
Perinatal antibiotic exposure in preterm infants disrupts gut microbiota composition, increasing pathogenic bacteria and reducing beneficial species, with implications for infection risk and the protective role of breastfeeding.
