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Menopausal hormone therapy remains the most effective treatment for estrogen deficiency symptoms, with a favorable benefit-risk profile when individualized by age, timing, and formulation. Emerging evidence refines safety perceptions, guidi
This retrospective cohort study indicates that menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is associated with increased risks of strabismus diagnosis and surgery but not reoperation in menopausal women, revealing significant ocular alignment considera
Initiation of menopausal hormone therapy during perimenopause or early postmenopause in women with vasomotor symptoms is associated with a reduced cardiovascular risk, especially among Black women and those starting therapy within 10 years
This review synthesizes recent evidence linking menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), particularly estrogen-only regimens, with decreased Alzheimer disease neuropathology and clinical dementia risk, highlighting biomarker correlations, clinical
This review synthesizes current evidence on menopausal hormone therapy’s cost-effectiveness, highlighting findings from a 2026 Markov model analysis and contextualizing with pivotal studies on health outcomes and economic implications
A WHI secondary analysis finds that oral conjugated estrogens (with or without MPA) relieve vasomotor symptoms in women 50–59 without clear ASCVD harm, but starting HT in women ≥70 is associated with increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular
A large Nordic study finds menopausal hormone therapy reduces the risk of esophageal and gastric cancers by up to 30%, especially with combined estrogen-progestin systemic formulations.
