Diabetes management during pregnancy presents unique challenges, especially for women living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Pregnancy significantly impacts glucose metabolism due to hormonal changes, necessitating precise blood sugar control to prevent complications for both the mother and the developing fetus. Historically, achieving optimal glycemic control during pregnancy has been a demanding task, requiring meticulous monitoring and adjustments to insulin therapy. However, advances in diabetes technology are transforming this landscape, offering promising solutions to improve outcomes for pregnant women with T1D.
Scientific and Clinical Evidence: What the Data Tell Us
At the 85th Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) in 2025, researchers presented findings from a multicenter trial investigating the efficacy of hybrid closed-loop technology in managing glycemic control during pregnancy for women with T1D. The study employed the Tandem t:slim X2 insulin pump integrated with Control-IQ Technology, a system designed to automate insulin delivery based on real-time glucose readings from the Dexcom G6 continuous glucose monitor (CGM).
The trial enrolled 91 pregnant women across 14 sites in Canada and Australia, randomizing them into two groups: one receiving standard care using CGM, and the other utilizing the hybrid closed-loop system. Participants were recruited early in pregnancy, with HbA1c levels ranging from 6.2% to 10%, and were followed from 16 to 34 weeks of gestation. The primary endpoint was the proportion of time spent in the target glucose range for pregnancy (63–140 mg/dL).
Results demonstrated that women using the hybrid closed-loop system spent significantly more time in the target range (65.4% versus 50.3% in the standard care group), equating to an additional three hours per day within the desired glucose levels. Additionally, hybrid closed-loop users showed lower mean glucose levels and reduced time spent above and below target ranges. Importantly, safety analyses revealed no unexpected adverse events, reinforcing the system’s reliability.
Misconceptions and Harmful Behaviors
Despite technological advancements, misconceptions about automated insulin delivery systems persist. Some patients perceive these systems as overly complex or fear potential malfunctions. Others may underestimate the importance of pairing such technology with proper dietary and lifestyle adjustments. Healthcare providers play a crucial role in dispelling these myths and educating patients on the benefits and limitations of these devices to optimize their use.
Correct Health Practices and Practical Recommendations
For pregnant women with T1D considering a hybrid closed-loop system, it is essential to:
1. Engage Early with Healthcare Providers: Early consultation with endocrinologists and diabetes specialists ensures personalized system settings and optimal integration into care plans.
2. Monitor Frequently: Although hybrid systems automate insulin adjustments, regular glucose monitoring remains essential to validate system performance and address anomalies.
3. Maintain Comprehensive Care: Incorporate dietary adjustments, physical activity, and psychological support alongside technological interventions to maximize outcomes.
Expert Insights and Commentary
Dr. Lois Donovan, co-lead investigator of the study and clinical professor at the University of Calgary, emphasizes the transformative potential of automated insulin delivery systems in pregnancy care. “Managing glucose levels during pregnancy with type 1 diabetes is of critical importance for optimal health in both mother and child. Our results reflect the importance of evolving automated insulin delivery to support those living with type 1 diabetes when they are pregnant or preparing for pregnancy,” she stated.
Conclusion
The multicenter trial underscores the efficacy and safety of hybrid closed-loop systems in improving glycemic control during pregnancy for women with T1D. These findings mark a significant step forward in diabetes care, offering hope for better maternal and fetal health outcomes through innovative technology. As healthcare professionals and patients become more familiar with these systems, their integration into standard practices promises to alleviate the burdens of diabetes management during pregnancy.
References
1. Donovan LE, Lemieux P, Dunlap A, et al. A Randomized Multicenter Trial of Hybrid Closed-Loop Insulin Therapy with Control-IQ Technology in Type 1 Diabetes in Pregnancy. Presented at: 85th American Diabetes Association Scientific Sessions. June 20 – 23, 2025. Chicago, Illinois.
2. American Diabetes Association. Smart Insulin Tech Helps Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes Maintain Target Blood Glucose Levels | American Diabetes Association. Diabetes.org. Published June 20, 2025. Accessed June 21, 2025. https://diabetes.org/newsroom/press-releases/smart-insulin-tech-helps-pregnant-women-type-1-diabetes-maintain-target.
