Highlights
Patients with unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) who underwent interventional treatment had higher 5‑year hemorrhage‑free survival (96.2%) than those managed conservatively (89.0%), with an absolute risk difference of 7.23% and hazard ratio 0.44.
Longer follow‑up (10 years) showed a sustained benefit (risk difference 8.37%; HR 0.56). Benefits were concentrated in low‑grade, compact nidus AVMs; no clear benefit was seen for high‑grade or diffuse nidus lesions.
