Cancer Treatment and Genetic Predisposition Drive Subsequent Neoplasm Risk in Childhood Cancer Survivors

Highlight

• Cancer treatments, particularly radiotherapy, and genetic predisposition significantly contribute to the risk of subsequent neoplasms (SNs) in childhood cancer survivors.
• Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) quantify genetic susceptibility, showing notable impact on SN risk, especially for thyroid cancer.
• Lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol, obesity, physical activity, and diet have minimal influence on SN risk compared to genetic and treatment-related factors.
• These findings emphasize the need for tailored risk assessment and surveillance strategies incorporating both treatment exposure and genetic risk.

Study Background and Disease Burden