3D-Printed Temporal Bones Provide a Reliable, Objective Way to Assess Mastoidectomy Skill Across Otolaryngology Training
Highlights
In a prospective observational study of 32 otolaryngology residents, mastoidectomy performance on 3D-printed temporal bones improved with advancing postgraduate year and with longer time in training.
A validated 14-item final product analysis checklist showed excellent inter-rater reliability, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.9210, supporting consistent scoring across expert faculty.
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This article was created using several editorial tools, including AI, as part of the process. Human editors reviewed this content before publication.