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This multicentre Italian study comparing clarithromycin and azithromycin for hospitalized infants with pertussis shows clarithromycin is linked to better clinical outcomes, including lower severity and fewer ICU admissions.
A multicountry follow-up study found no significant improvement in neurodevelopmental outcomes at two years in infants with birth asphyxia whose mothers received a single 2 g oral dose of azithromycin during labor versus placebo.
A large randomized trial in Mali demonstrated that mass azithromycin administration to infants aged 1–11 months did not reduce mortality compared to placebo, challenging previous findings in sub-Saharan Africa.
Mass azithromycin administration to both infants and older children reduced infant mortality more than treating infants alone, with potential spillover benefits from treating older siblings.
